Pre-Classical Age of Italy;
(3500-500 BCE)
Bronze Chariot 6th century BC
In the pre-classical age, Italy was ruled Italics Peoples.Today, this piece is located at the Metropolitan Museum. This chariot was used for special occasions and by special individuals. They have two wheels and was drawn by horses that stood forty-two inches apart. The bronze chariot was inspired by the Greeks. Rings of pigskin with fat attached were put on the chariot to reduce friction between the wheels. This piece was very important to the warfare of the military during this time.
Chariots appeared in wars before Calvary because horse domestication took a long time. Domesticating horses went from hunting, to taming, then riding and finally harnessing to chariots. Chariots and horses weren't just used for war, they were also used for Olympic games and hunting purposes. The purpose of chariots was to move in and out of battle as fast as possible and to be able to shoot while moving. While riding a chariot, the two most common weapons were javelins and arrows. With the invention of the bow and arrow, along with the chariot, war was absolutely intensified. However, chariots weren't just used for war, they advanced into civilization and for migration. The chariot also helped with agriculture as well, so it had more than one use than just for war.
"Bronze chariot inlaid with ivory." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2017.
Kuznetsov, P. F. (2006). The emergence of Bronze Age chariots in eastern Europe. Antiquity, 80(309), 638-645.
Plubins, Rodrigo Quijada. "Chariot." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., 6 Mar. 2013. Web. 07 May 2017.
Etruscan jewelry 7th Century BC
The Etruscans had some pretty interesting pieces of jewelry, like the one pictured above. Early Etruscan jewelry was judged by abundance, high skills of the makers, and variety. Etruscans were all about color, like colored gemstones and glass beads.They had a lot of Greek influence such as, enameling and filigree which is just a fancy word for tracery. They also really loved having color in their jewelry. Gold was very scarce to the Etruscans, the sheets of golds they used were less than 0.1 mm. The Etruscans were known for their perfect granulation without using any solder, which is heating of medals without using a filler, which is called solder (saw-der).
The Etruscans took their time to make some really special and beautiful jewelry. They used gold because it was easy to work with and it won't get tarnished over time. These delicate metals were fused together using an open-flame and not a controlled pressured flame. All of the techniques that Etruscans used were from neighboring cultures. They used a lot of techniques such as, granulation, filigree, chasing, and repoussé.
Grant, M. (1976). Etruscan Jewellery. History Today, 26(2), 92
Leonard, Loryn. "How It’s Made: Etruscan Jewelry." DMA Canvas. N.p., 14 Feb. 2012. Web. 07 May 2017.
Axe Heads (1800 BC- 1200 BC)
These are also found in the Metropolitan Museum. These were used in the pre-classical age as weapons. Some damage could really be done with the axe heads that have very sharp ends. They were given to the museum as a gift from Garrett C. Pier. They could be put on the end of a stick and used as arrows for war weapons. The Franks, were known to carry lightweight axes into battle. Axes could be used to throw at something or someone at close range. The axe heads in the picture look small and as if they couldn't do much damage, but as time went on, they got bigger and more destructive. The heads were very sharp with a short wooden handle, they were meant to do some damage.
Andrews, Evan. "7 Legendary Barbarian Weapons." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 31 May 2016. Web. 07 May 2017.
"Axe Head | Italian | The Met." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, I.e. The Met Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2017.
Before the Romans took over Italy, there was the Etruscans. Women reclining in pictures was a sign of respect and someone who was very wealthy and a powerful being. The women during this era were known to be very scandalous, they were also known to have multiple partners and even do it in front of their husbands. That was actually considered to be the norm for married Etruscan women.The women of this era would always go out to fancy parties and the kids were raised to be like their parents. They were a very unique and different group of people. Women were actually very smart and literate during this era.
They dominated Central Italy and had a language of their own, that was unknown and not common. They ruled for five centuries. The Etruscan code was never figured out and researchers couldn't figure out what the Etruscans were trying to say. The inscription that was found was divided into three vertically aligned dots. Their language eventually died out.
LORENZI, R. (2016). Etruscan Code Uncracked. Archaeology, 69(4), 13.
Enos, R. L., & Peterman, T. S. (2014). Writing Instruction for the “Young Ladies” of Teos: A Note on Women and Literacy in Antiquity. Rhetoric Review, 33(1), 1-20. doi:10.1080/07350198.2014.856725
Smallshaw, Brian. "Roman Road Walks/Etruscans, Romans & More: Italy's History." David Morton's Roman Road Walks - Adventures in Italy, Made to Order. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2017.
Classical Age of Italy;
(500 BCE- 500 CE)
These pieces of pottery have Greek influences and they are from the Subgeometric II.
In 800 BC, there were three different groups of people living in Italy; the Italics, the Iapyges, and the Etruscans. To be able to get to Italy, there were only two routes, a sea route and a land route. The sea route was through the Adriatic Sea from the Balkans, this let one enter south-eastern Italy.The landward route was from modern day Croatia and Slovenia, then it was down along the coastlines of either side of the Apennines.
These are some of the currency from ancient Rome, the sizes differed from each time period. These coins are from the 4th century BC, the values of the coins changed throughout the era and they also had different names, as you can tell by the image above. When Rome began to expand over Italy, these coins could be made out of precious metals such as, bronze, gold, and silver. Most of them weighed about 324 g which is 11.5 oz.
In 200 BCE, Rome produced coins in Italy and moving the troops made sure that the coins had a wide circulation. With the spread of coins and Rome expanding, silver became the more valuable metal for making coins. Today, researchers have found coins in Palazzo in Rome. The soil surrounding them had copper, lead and vanadium.
Reale, R., Plattner, S. H., Guida, G., Sammartino, M. P., & Visco, G. (2012). Ancient coins: cluster analysis applied to find a correlation between corrosion process and burial soil characteristics. Chemistry Central Journal, 6(Suppl 2), 1-9. doi:10.1186/1752-153X-6-S2-S9
Mark Cartwright. “Roman Coinage,” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Last modified November 27, 2013. http://www.ancient.eu /Roman_Coinage/.
The only kids to have a formal education in the classical age of Italy were people of the rich. The rich families hired a private tutor and kids whose parents were slaves did not get any education at all. So, it really depended on who their parents were, that really determined if they got educated or not. If a student answered a question wrong or spoke without permission, the professor would beat them with a cane or whip them in front of everyone. This caused a lot of pressure to get the right answer and not speak out of turn.
Education system in Rome was different for every child. Girls mostly just received primary schooling, which started before sunrise and ended when the sun dimmed in the evening. Girls didn't get much education because they were expected to marry and bear children after primary schooling. However, boys between the ages of twelve and fifteen went on to secondary schooling, which studied language, history and literature. The third level of education was meant for higher level pupils and the professors were also honor students as well.
There was also gladiator school, however this consisted of prisoners
Vergano, Dan. "Gladiator School Discovery Reveals Hard Lives of Ancient Warriors." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 02 May 2017. Web. 06 May 2017.
"The Romans - Education." History on the Net. N.p., 19 Nov. 2013. Web. 06 May 2017.
Farrell, Richard. "Cradles of Education - Ancient Rome." Classbase - Education Database. N.p., 15 Jan. 2011. Web. 06 May 2017.
Post-classical Age of Italy;
(500 CE- 1400CE)
This image is from the 9th century, it's a type of pottery called Majolica, which basically is a fancy word for saying decorated ceramics. In the 13th century, this type of pottery became very popular and traders began to import it into Italy, through the Isle of Majorca. Once Italians saw this pottery and saw the designs of it, they started to make their own and put their own spin on it. They started with Islamic and Spanish designs, and then started to do their own design or mix different styles. Today, majolica is still something that potters do, however, lead glazes were very toxic and potters try to avoid them and use commercial white glazes. They still get the same results, it's a lot safer to use commercial glazes instead of lead glazes.
To make majolica, there's a complex five-step system. The potter is first, he/she makes the piece by hand shaping it. Next, is the first firing it needs to be fired at 1,890 degrees Fahrenheit. After the firing is down, the kiln has to be closed for hours or the pottery will crack. Thirdly, there's the glazing, this step is just dipping it into a fast-drying glaze. From here, it goes to the painting step, the artist can freehand and make any design they want or use a stencil for more complex designs. Lastly, the second firing, it is fired at a lower temperature 1,690 degrees Fahrenheit. This step takes the longest because it's in the kiln for 24 hours on high heat.
Padeletti, G., & Fermo, P. (2013). Significant findings concerning the production of Italian Renaissance lustred majolica. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, 113(4), 825-833. doi:10.1007/s00339-013-7725-0
http://www.thatsarte.com/0/history-and-tradition
Peterson, Beth. "Majolica Pottery Description and History." The Spruce. N.p., 06 Oct. 2016. Web. 07 May 2017.
Church of San Leonardo al Frigido 1175 CE
This picture is from a church in Tuscan, Italy. The churches in Italy had really spectacular works of art inside and beautiful archways. During the twelfth century, most churches in Northern and Central Italy had doorways that were decorated with scenes from the Bible and lives of local saints. On the right side, the image is of Saint Leonard of Noblat, who was the patron saint of prisoners and on the left is of annunciation and visitation. The picture shown on top is of Jesus entering into Jerusalem, this scene was appropriate for this church specifically because of the location of the church.
Roman Catholicism was very popular at this time. In the Roman Catholic Church, they believe that God can be proven by existence. Roman Catholicism is closely related to Christianity. Roman Catholicism readings began at beginning of the Christian movement. Catholicism is a belief that practice manifests, it's also a type of religion that is interpreted and described from a variety of perspectives and with one or more several methodologies. It was a very sort of open religion.
Mitrofanova, A. V. (2014). Christianity, Orthodox. Value Inquiry Book Series, 27661-63.
"Portal from the Church of San Leonardo Al Frigido | Workshop of Biduinus | 62.189 | Work of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2017.
Guisepi, Robert A. "A History of Christianity." Christianity, A History of the Catholic Church. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2017.
Roman Weapons 1300 CE;
Spears are good weapons, they were on a wooden stick and had a sharpened head. There was two types of spears, ones that were meant for throwing and ones that were meant to be kept in hand. Spears are one of the first fashioned weapons by human beings and the tips can be sharpened. They were also good for fishing and hunting. Throwing spears had a slight advantage being that they were longer than most weapons during this time. Spears also got used in Jousting, this was a sport where two people on horses carried spears under their armpits and ran at each other trying to knock one off of their horse.
International, American. "Medieval Weapons & Armour." Medieval Weapons. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2017.
Conclusion;
I thought doing this project wouldn't teach me a lot and it was just something to rush to get done, but it was actually really cool learning about another country and the early civilizations. There us a lot to learn from another culture. The Romans had some really cool weapons for war and they broke the ground for different weapons. The most interesting thing I learned from this project, was the Etruscans. They were a group of people who loved their riches and the women were beautiful. It was a different kind of parenting back in that time as well. If the parents went and partied and drank, that's exactly what the kids would do. They'd have to follow in their footsteps, which I don't think a lot of kids do, but it was only the richest of the rich who went to parties. Finding good credible sources is hard for any project, but for this one it just made you work harder for a better result.
Italy isn't a hard to country to learn about, you have all sorts of artifacts and wars that happened with the Romans and of course, weapons. Seeing how weapons advanced is interesting because it could start out as something so little and looking like it wouldn't cause any damage and then you add a wooden shaft to it and it becomes ten times more dangerous and intensifies fighting. Italy is known for their Majolica pottery and for good reason, they took so much time and effort to make it look pretty and sophisticated, no wonder they turned out to be such beautiful works of art. Granulation and exquisite detail isn't something a lot of people have patience for. Italy has some of the best art around the world, even their churches were decorated marvelously. The archways had scenes sculpted or painted on them and the inside of the churches had to be even better.
My final thoughts on this project is that learning abut another society is very cool and no one should ever be afraid to step out of their comfort zone and learn something new. We have all this technology that didn't even exist before and it's constantly advancing now. Why not use our smart phones and fancy laptops for something other than Netflix and social media?
(3500-500 BCE)
Bronze Chariot 6th century BC
In the pre-classical age, Italy was ruled Italics Peoples.Today, this piece is located at the Metropolitan Museum. This chariot was used for special occasions and by special individuals. They have two wheels and was drawn by horses that stood forty-two inches apart. The bronze chariot was inspired by the Greeks. Rings of pigskin with fat attached were put on the chariot to reduce friction between the wheels. This piece was very important to the warfare of the military during this time.
Chariots appeared in wars before Calvary because horse domestication took a long time. Domesticating horses went from hunting, to taming, then riding and finally harnessing to chariots. Chariots and horses weren't just used for war, they were also used for Olympic games and hunting purposes. The purpose of chariots was to move in and out of battle as fast as possible and to be able to shoot while moving. While riding a chariot, the two most common weapons were javelins and arrows. With the invention of the bow and arrow, along with the chariot, war was absolutely intensified. However, chariots weren't just used for war, they advanced into civilization and for migration. The chariot also helped with agriculture as well, so it had more than one use than just for war.
"Bronze chariot inlaid with ivory." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2017.
Kuznetsov, P. F. (2006). The emergence of Bronze Age chariots in eastern Europe. Antiquity, 80(309), 638-645.
Plubins, Rodrigo Quijada. "Chariot." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., 6 Mar. 2013. Web. 07 May 2017.
Etruscan jewelry 7th Century BC
Pair of "a bauletto" type earrings, Etruscan, 6th-early 5th centuries B.C., Museum League Purchase Funds, The Eugene and Margaret McDermott Art Fund, Inc., and Cecil H. and Ida M. Green in honor of Virginia Lucas Nick
The Etruscans had some pretty interesting pieces of jewelry, like the one pictured above. Early Etruscan jewelry was judged by abundance, high skills of the makers, and variety. Etruscans were all about color, like colored gemstones and glass beads.They had a lot of Greek influence such as, enameling and filigree which is just a fancy word for tracery. They also really loved having color in their jewelry. Gold was very scarce to the Etruscans, the sheets of golds they used were less than 0.1 mm. The Etruscans were known for their perfect granulation without using any solder, which is heating of medals without using a filler, which is called solder (saw-der).
The Etruscans took their time to make some really special and beautiful jewelry. They used gold because it was easy to work with and it won't get tarnished over time. These delicate metals were fused together using an open-flame and not a controlled pressured flame. All of the techniques that Etruscans used were from neighboring cultures. They used a lot of techniques such as, granulation, filigree, chasing, and repoussé.
Grant, M. (1976). Etruscan Jewellery. History Today, 26(2), 92
Leonard, Loryn. "How It’s Made: Etruscan Jewelry." DMA Canvas. N.p., 14 Feb. 2012. Web. 07 May 2017.
Axe Heads (1800 BC- 1200 BC)
These are also found in the Metropolitan Museum. These were used in the pre-classical age as weapons. Some damage could really be done with the axe heads that have very sharp ends. They were given to the museum as a gift from Garrett C. Pier. They could be put on the end of a stick and used as arrows for war weapons. The Franks, were known to carry lightweight axes into battle. Axes could be used to throw at something or someone at close range. The axe heads in the picture look small and as if they couldn't do much damage, but as time went on, they got bigger and more destructive. The heads were very sharp with a short wooden handle, they were meant to do some damage.
Andrews, Evan. "7 Legendary Barbarian Weapons." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 31 May 2016. Web. 07 May 2017.
"Axe Head | Italian | The Met." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, I.e. The Met Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2017.
Before the Romans took over Italy, there was the Etruscans. Women reclining in pictures was a sign of respect and someone who was very wealthy and a powerful being. The women during this era were known to be very scandalous, they were also known to have multiple partners and even do it in front of their husbands. That was actually considered to be the norm for married Etruscan women.The women of this era would always go out to fancy parties and the kids were raised to be like their parents. They were a very unique and different group of people. Women were actually very smart and literate during this era.
They dominated Central Italy and had a language of their own, that was unknown and not common. They ruled for five centuries. The Etruscan code was never figured out and researchers couldn't figure out what the Etruscans were trying to say. The inscription that was found was divided into three vertically aligned dots. Their language eventually died out.
LORENZI, R. (2016). Etruscan Code Uncracked. Archaeology, 69(4), 13.
Enos, R. L., & Peterman, T. S. (2014). Writing Instruction for the “Young Ladies” of Teos: A Note on Women and Literacy in Antiquity. Rhetoric Review, 33(1), 1-20. doi:10.1080/07350198.2014.856725
Smallshaw, Brian. "Roman Road Walks/Etruscans, Romans & More: Italy's History." David Morton's Roman Road Walks - Adventures in Italy, Made to Order. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2017.
Classical Age of Italy;
(500 BCE- 500 CE)
These pieces of pottery have Greek influences and they are from the Subgeometric II.
In 800 BC, there were three different groups of people living in Italy; the Italics, the Iapyges, and the Etruscans. To be able to get to Italy, there were only two routes, a sea route and a land route. The sea route was through the Adriatic Sea from the Balkans, this let one enter south-eastern Italy.The landward route was from modern day Croatia and Slovenia, then it was down along the coastlines of either side of the Apennines.
Haynes, Sybille - Etruscan
Civilization: A Cultural History, Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles 2000
Grant, Michael - The Etruscans, Weidenfeld and
Nicholson, London, 1980
Coins from the 4th Century BC
Coins from the 4th Century BC
These are some of the currency from ancient Rome, the sizes differed from each time period. These coins are from the 4th century BC, the values of the coins changed throughout the era and they also had different names, as you can tell by the image above. When Rome began to expand over Italy, these coins could be made out of precious metals such as, bronze, gold, and silver. Most of them weighed about 324 g which is 11.5 oz.
In 200 BCE, Rome produced coins in Italy and moving the troops made sure that the coins had a wide circulation. With the spread of coins and Rome expanding, silver became the more valuable metal for making coins. Today, researchers have found coins in Palazzo in Rome. The soil surrounding them had copper, lead and vanadium.
Reale, R., Plattner, S. H., Guida, G., Sammartino, M. P., & Visco, G. (2012). Ancient coins: cluster analysis applied to find a correlation between corrosion process and burial soil characteristics. Chemistry Central Journal, 6(Suppl 2), 1-9. doi:10.1186/1752-153X-6-S2-S9
Mark Cartwright. “Roman Coinage,” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Last modified November 27, 2013. http://www.ancient.eu /Roman_Coinage/.
The only kids to have a formal education in the classical age of Italy were people of the rich. The rich families hired a private tutor and kids whose parents were slaves did not get any education at all. So, it really depended on who their parents were, that really determined if they got educated or not. If a student answered a question wrong or spoke without permission, the professor would beat them with a cane or whip them in front of everyone. This caused a lot of pressure to get the right answer and not speak out of turn.
Education system in Rome was different for every child. Girls mostly just received primary schooling, which started before sunrise and ended when the sun dimmed in the evening. Girls didn't get much education because they were expected to marry and bear children after primary schooling. However, boys between the ages of twelve and fifteen went on to secondary schooling, which studied language, history and literature. The third level of education was meant for higher level pupils and the professors were also honor students as well.
There was also gladiator school, however this consisted of prisoners
Vergano, Dan. "Gladiator School Discovery Reveals Hard Lives of Ancient Warriors." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 02 May 2017. Web. 06 May 2017.
"The Romans - Education." History on the Net. N.p., 19 Nov. 2013. Web. 06 May 2017.
Farrell, Richard. "Cradles of Education - Ancient Rome." Classbase - Education Database. N.p., 15 Jan. 2011. Web. 06 May 2017.
Post-classical Age of Italy;
(500 CE- 1400CE)
This image is from the 9th century, it's a type of pottery called Majolica, which basically is a fancy word for saying decorated ceramics. In the 13th century, this type of pottery became very popular and traders began to import it into Italy, through the Isle of Majorca. Once Italians saw this pottery and saw the designs of it, they started to make their own and put their own spin on it. They started with Islamic and Spanish designs, and then started to do their own design or mix different styles. Today, majolica is still something that potters do, however, lead glazes were very toxic and potters try to avoid them and use commercial white glazes. They still get the same results, it's a lot safer to use commercial glazes instead of lead glazes.
To make majolica, there's a complex five-step system. The potter is first, he/she makes the piece by hand shaping it. Next, is the first firing it needs to be fired at 1,890 degrees Fahrenheit. After the firing is down, the kiln has to be closed for hours or the pottery will crack. Thirdly, there's the glazing, this step is just dipping it into a fast-drying glaze. From here, it goes to the painting step, the artist can freehand and make any design they want or use a stencil for more complex designs. Lastly, the second firing, it is fired at a lower temperature 1,690 degrees Fahrenheit. This step takes the longest because it's in the kiln for 24 hours on high heat.
Padeletti, G., & Fermo, P. (2013). Significant findings concerning the production of Italian Renaissance lustred majolica. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, 113(4), 825-833. doi:10.1007/s00339-013-7725-0
http://www.thatsarte.com/0/history-and-tradition
Peterson, Beth. "Majolica Pottery Description and History." The Spruce. N.p., 06 Oct. 2016. Web. 07 May 2017.
Church of San Leonardo al Frigido 1175 CE
This picture is from a church in Tuscan, Italy. The churches in Italy had really spectacular works of art inside and beautiful archways. During the twelfth century, most churches in Northern and Central Italy had doorways that were decorated with scenes from the Bible and lives of local saints. On the right side, the image is of Saint Leonard of Noblat, who was the patron saint of prisoners and on the left is of annunciation and visitation. The picture shown on top is of Jesus entering into Jerusalem, this scene was appropriate for this church specifically because of the location of the church.
Roman Catholicism was very popular at this time. In the Roman Catholic Church, they believe that God can be proven by existence. Roman Catholicism is closely related to Christianity. Roman Catholicism readings began at beginning of the Christian movement. Catholicism is a belief that practice manifests, it's also a type of religion that is interpreted and described from a variety of perspectives and with one or more several methodologies. It was a very sort of open religion.
Mitrofanova, A. V. (2014). Christianity, Orthodox. Value Inquiry Book Series, 27661-63.
"Portal from the Church of San Leonardo Al Frigido | Workshop of Biduinus | 62.189 | Work of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2017.
Guisepi, Robert A. "A History of Christianity." Christianity, A History of the Catholic Church. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2017.
Roman Weapons 1300 CE;
Spears are good weapons, they were on a wooden stick and had a sharpened head. There was two types of spears, ones that were meant for throwing and ones that were meant to be kept in hand. Spears are one of the first fashioned weapons by human beings and the tips can be sharpened. They were also good for fishing and hunting. Throwing spears had a slight advantage being that they were longer than most weapons during this time. Spears also got used in Jousting, this was a sport where two people on horses carried spears under their armpits and ran at each other trying to knock one off of their horse.
International, American. "Medieval Weapons & Armour." Medieval Weapons. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2017.
Conclusion;
I thought doing this project wouldn't teach me a lot and it was just something to rush to get done, but it was actually really cool learning about another country and the early civilizations. There us a lot to learn from another culture. The Romans had some really cool weapons for war and they broke the ground for different weapons. The most interesting thing I learned from this project, was the Etruscans. They were a group of people who loved their riches and the women were beautiful. It was a different kind of parenting back in that time as well. If the parents went and partied and drank, that's exactly what the kids would do. They'd have to follow in their footsteps, which I don't think a lot of kids do, but it was only the richest of the rich who went to parties. Finding good credible sources is hard for any project, but for this one it just made you work harder for a better result.
Italy isn't a hard to country to learn about, you have all sorts of artifacts and wars that happened with the Romans and of course, weapons. Seeing how weapons advanced is interesting because it could start out as something so little and looking like it wouldn't cause any damage and then you add a wooden shaft to it and it becomes ten times more dangerous and intensifies fighting. Italy is known for their Majolica pottery and for good reason, they took so much time and effort to make it look pretty and sophisticated, no wonder they turned out to be such beautiful works of art. Granulation and exquisite detail isn't something a lot of people have patience for. Italy has some of the best art around the world, even their churches were decorated marvelously. The archways had scenes sculpted or painted on them and the inside of the churches had to be even better.
My final thoughts on this project is that learning abut another society is very cool and no one should ever be afraid to step out of their comfort zone and learn something new. We have all this technology that didn't even exist before and it's constantly advancing now. Why not use our smart phones and fancy laptops for something other than Netflix and social media?
1) I would say that the Axe Heads stood out to me the most in the Pre-Classical Era in Italy. The Axe Heads with the sharp ends look pretty dangerous if they were to be used against someone in a battle. The Axe Heads look like they were used during the Paleolithic Age because these Axe Heads have bumps on them and they don't like that much shiny or polished as well.
ReplyDelete2) One of the new cultural expressions that came up in the Classical period in Italy was the Common Coins of the Roman Empire. A few facts of these coins is that the author states that the sizes and values of these coins kept changing throughout the time period. The author also states that the coins had different names and they may have been made out of metal such as bronze, gold, silver.
3) By the time that the Post-Classical Age came, one of the cultural influences in Italy that emerged was the Church of San Leonardo al Frigido. The author says that this Church and other Churches in Italy had great art works inside of them and they had great passages as well. The author also says that the Churches in Italy and in other places were ornamented with references from the Bible and lives of local saints.
4) A recent natural disaster that stuck in Italy was that there were four earthquakes that hit in about four hours in the country. These earthquakes occurred in the time of January 2017. These four earthquakes caused a few buildings to collapse but the good thing was that nobody got hurt or killed from the four earthquakes. These earthquakes also caused a few other buildings to shake. These earthquakes also caused schools to be closed down. All in all, I believe that Carrie did a wonderful job with this project entirely.
Recent natural disaster article source:
Squires, Nick. "Italy Hit by Four Powerful Earthquakes in Four Hours, Bringing Terror to Region Trying to Recover from Last Year's Deadly Tremors." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 18 Jan. 2017. Web. 11 May 2017. .
Carrie,
ReplyDeleteNice job depicting the Etruscan civilization in the pre-classical age. They really were a fascinating group--the ancient Greeks seemed to think so too. I like the image of the wife and husband reclining which says a lot about this culture--a culture of decadence, surely, but also one where husbands and wives showed great affection for one another, often in public--which was unheard of for its time!
I would have liked to see more of the Christian influence in the post-classical period--you did a nice job illustrating Sand Leonardo al Frigido.